What schedule are long-acting barbiturates, such as phenobarbital, classified under?

Long-acting barbiturates, including phenobarbital, are classified as Schedule 4 controlled substances under the Controlled Substances Act. This classification reflects their potential for abuse, which is lower than that of substances in Schedules 1 through 3, but still warrants regulation. Schedule 4 drugs are considered to have a accepted medical use in the United States, and although they may lead to physical or psychological dependence, the risk is significantly reduced compared to higher schedules.

Phenobarbital, used primarily as an anticonvulsant, is prescribed for certain types of seizures and for sedation, exemplifying its legitimate therapeutic applications. Therefore, understanding this classification helps pharmacy professionals navigate the legal framework surrounding prescriptions, dispensing, and regulation of such medications.

The other classifications—such as Schedule 2, which includes drugs with a high potential for abuse and severe physical or psychological dependence, or Schedules 3 and 5, which include substances with lower potential for abuse—do not apply to phenobarbital or similar long-acting barbiturates. Thus, the classification as Schedule 4 is appropriate and highlights the balance between medical utility and the need for controlled access.